![]() If you enjoyed it, then be sure to give us a thumbs up, and subscribe to our channel for further videos. I hope that this video over anions and cations was helpful to you. This means our Phosphite anion has 18 electrons. So, we can add 3 to our number of protons, and that gives us our number of electrons in the ion. ![]() So, that is 15 protons, and it has a negative 3 charge. The phosphite (P-3) has an atomic number of 15. So, if you see that an element is notated with a + or -, you can look at the number that follows (so in our case magnesium is followed by +2) and we can subtract two from our atomic number 12 and that will give us the number of electrons of that ion, which is 10 electrons. The cathode showed a bi-modal particle distribution and its active material ranged with LiNi0.65Mn0.2Co0.15O2 in between NMC622 and NMC811. An atom will always keep the same number of protons that it starts with in it’s balanced state the electrons are the ones changing. B Dihydrogen phosphate is the \(H2PO4\) ion (Table 10.2.1 ). Solution: A Calcium is in group 2, so it forms only the Ca 2 + ion. This means that it has lost 2 electrons, the protons aren’t going anywhere. B Identify the anion using Table 10.1.2 and Table 10.2.1 Beginning with the cation, write the compound’s formula and then determine the number of cations and anions needed to achieve electrical neutrality. So, if it has an atomic number of 12 and Mg+2 has a +2 charge, then that means it has two more protons than electrons. Magnesium has an atomic number of 12, and remember atomic number refers to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. Let’s say we have a magnesium +2 cation(Mg^+2) and phosphite -3 anion(P^-3). Anions are notated with a negative sign superscript ‘-.’ This notation represents that it is negatively charged.Ītoms can acquire or discard more than one electron at a time. In stealing an electron it becomes unbalanced and negatively charged, therefore it is an anion. Cations are notated with a plus sign superscript “+.” This represents that it is positively charged.Ĭhlorine (Cl) on the other hand is only one electron away from having eight in its outer shell, so it wants very desperately to steal an electron. So, in getting rid of an electron Na becomes unbalanced and positively charged, and is therefore a cation. ![]() So, for sodium, if it got rid of that electron then it would be full in it’s, now, outer shell but it would also be positively charged with 10 electrons and 11 protons. What is an anion?Īn atom that has stolen an electron and therefore has a negative charge is called an anion. ![]() So, a cation is a positively charged ion. What is a cation?Īn atom that has had an electron stolen, and in effect has more protons than electrons is called a cation. So, an ion is not neutral it is either negatively charged because it has an extra electron or it is positively charged because it is missing an electron and therefore has more protons than electrons. The name is always the cation (usually metal) first then the anion + -ide ending. An ion is an atom that has had an electron taken from it or an atom that has taken an electron from another atom. o All elements alone have a charge of zero in their elemental state o. The simple anions uses the root for the element (the first part of the element) with an -ide ending 5. These simple cations take their name from the name of the element. Well, when atoms lose their neutrality, they sort of undergo an identity crisis. In forming ionic compounds, the combination of cations and anions must be overall electrically neutral. Negatively charged particles are called electrons, and positively charged particles are called protons. They have an equal amount of negative and positive particles. Starting out, atoms are electrically indifferent or neutral. And this is exactly what the octet rule refers to, the tendency of an atom to try and become stable by having eight electrons in their outer shell.Ītoms will go to great lengths to become stable, they will give away electrons, they will share electrons with other atoms, and they won’t even think twice before they decide to steal electrons from another atom so that they will be stable. Valence electrons are the things that the atoms want eight of. Stability for an atom means that they have eight electrons in their outermost shell, the electrons in the outermost shell are called valence electrons. Atoms will do anything within their power to be stable. \) we see that there are two types of covalent compounds, what we are calling "classical molecules", and acids.Hey guys! Welcome to this Mometrix video over Anion, Cation, and the Octet Rule.Īnions, Cations, and the octet rule all have to do with atom and their stability.
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